Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of species has mixed, depending how they are categorized, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets and since ornamental plant life in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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