Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending on how they are classified, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The plant stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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