Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The true range of varieties has varied, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets and as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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