Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower blossoms so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar