Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The amount of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower bouquets so that as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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