Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blooms as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall flowering.
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