Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true amount of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim blooms as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.
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