Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending how they are labeled, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms so that ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or almost never inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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