Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true range of varieties has varied, depending about how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop flowers so that ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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