Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers and since ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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