Narcissus and Goldmund by Hermann Hesse — Reviews, Discussion

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true variety of types has varied, depending on how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets as ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

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