Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorized, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim blooms so that as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.
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