Emperor Commodus

By Gafarshod Kamis, 24 November 2016

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending on how they are categorized, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.

Emperor Commodus in the costume and pose of the god Hercules, ca. 193

Commodus geschiedenis Romeinen paragraaf 4.1 tm 4.4

Wilkblogg: Gladiator 2000

NARCISSUS: A republican is a man who strives to create equality among