Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true number of kinds has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms so that as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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