Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of kinds has varied, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut bouquets and as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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