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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower bouquets as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.

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