Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true number of kinds has varied, depending how they are categorised, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut blooms and since ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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