Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The amount of species has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop plants so that as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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