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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true amount of species has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice flowers and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The vegetable stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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