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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true amount of species has varied, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms and as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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