Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of species has assorted, depending on how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut flowers and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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