Narcissus and Goldmund by Hermann Hesse — Reviews, Discussion

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The number of types has varied, depending on how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice blooms as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

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Narcissus and Goldmund 1930 [ edit ]