Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending about how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms and as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or seldom renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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