Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending about how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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