nun in 39;Black Narcissus39; by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The number of species has varied, depending on how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers and as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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