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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower blossoms so that ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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