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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending how they are categorized, due to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop bouquets and as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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