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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The true number of types has varied, depending how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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