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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true variety of varieties has varied, depending how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash flowers and as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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