Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The amount of kinds has assorted, depending on how they are categorised, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut plants so that ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The flower stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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