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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, due to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim blooms and as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the symbol of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The seed stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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