File:Costanzi narcissus and echo.jpg Wikimedia Commons

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of species has varied, depending about how they are labeled, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that pull it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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