Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true variety of types has assorted, depending on how they are labeled, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim plants so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile origins that draw it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.
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