Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are classified, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut plants so that as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall flowering.
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