flower, daffodil, is the common English name for all narcissus plants

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true number of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are grouped, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms and since ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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