Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of types has assorted, depending about how they are classified, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash flowers and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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