Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true amount of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms so that as ornamental plants in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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