Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower plants so that ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The herb stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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