Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true amount of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop blossoms and since ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.
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