Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms and since ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile origins that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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