Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are categorized, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms and as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall months flowering.
narcissus yellow stripe virus nysv narcissus white streak virus nwsv
Species, varieties and clutivars for genus Narcissus
narcissus pseudonarcissus narcissus tazetta narcissus bulbocodium ssp
Engelstränen Narzisse Narcissus triandrus Plant amp; Nature Photos
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