Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers so when ornamental plants in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall months flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar