Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true quantity of species has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice plants so when ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar