Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The amount of kinds has assorted, depending how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers so that as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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