Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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