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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true amount of types has mixed, depending about how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim blossoms so when ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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