Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The true variety of varieties has mixed, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash bouquets as ornamental plants in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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