Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blossoms and as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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