Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true variety of types has varied, depending on how they are categorised, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim bouquets so when ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.
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