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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The number of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorized, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash bouquets and as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

Narcissus Garden

Narcissus Garden” by Yayoi Kusama

Narcissus Garden hybrids

Narcissus Fine Gardening